Example 4. Scaffolding for creating Nashville number charts by ear begins with drummer’s charts (a), showing hypermetrical structure and formal sections, and then incorporates harmonic rhythm (b)
a. Drummer’s chart (Fig. 8.6, p. 56). Each dash represents one measure, with one hypermeasure on each line.

b. Drummer’s chart with harmonic rhythm (Fig. 12.8, p. 85). The “N”s are placed at the onset of every new chord