## Dissertation Index

 Author: Sekula, Kate A. Title: Utilizing Computer Programming to Analyze Post-Tonal Music: A Segmentation and Contour Analysis of Twentieth-Century Music for Solo Flute Institution: University of Connecticut Begun: August 2005 Completed: December 2014 Abstract: Two concepts are synthesized in this dissertation: 1) the creation of accessible computer applications for melodic segmentation and contour reduction and 2) the application of segmentation and contour reduction to analyze twentieth-century post-tonal works for unaccompanied flute. Two analytical methodologies have been chosen: James Tenney and Larry Polanski\'s Gestalt segmentation theory and Robert Schultz\'s refi nement of Robert Morris\'s contour reduction algorithm. The investigation also utilizes Robert Schultz\'s concept of diachronic-transformational analysis in conjunction with contour reduction. While both segmentation and contour reduction are invaluable analytical tools, they are meticulous and time-consuming processes. Computer implementation of these algorithmic procedures produces quick and accurate results while reducing analyst fatigue and human error. Microsoft Excel is used to complete melodic segmentation. Java programming language is used to create a contour reduction application. Each implementation greatly reduces the time needed to segment and analyze a melody. Computer programming is combined with pitch class set analysis to produce informed and expressive musical interpretations. Keywords: segmentation,contour,shultz,morris,post-tonal,flute,takemitsu,fukushima TOC: Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i List of Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii 1 Introduction 1.1 Principles and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3 Scope and Caveats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.4 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 Literature Review 2.1 Contour Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2 Segmentation Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.3 Computer-Assisted Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3 Computer Programming Process 3.1 A Short Coding Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 3.2 Computer Program Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 3.2.1 Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 3.2.2 Java Source Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 3.2.3 Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 3.2.4 Con figuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 3.2.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 3.3 Microsoft Excel and TG Segmentation . . . . . . . 84 3.3.1 How to Use the TG Segmentation Spreadsheet . . 90 3.4 Typesetting . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 90 3.4.1 Lilypond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 3.4.2 LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 95 3.4.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 96 4 Analysis 98 4.1 Kazuo Fukushima: Mei (1962) . . . . . . . . . . . 98 4.2 Kazuo Fukushima: Requiem (1966) . . . . . . . . . 119 4.3 Toru Takemitsu: Itinerant (1989) . . . . . . . . 134 4.4 Toru Takemitsu: Air (1995) . . . . . . . . . . . 153 5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196 A Source Code: Robert Morris CRA B Source Code: main.js C Source Code: style.css D Source Code: index.jsp E Source Code: methods.class F Source Code: forte.class G Source Code: schultz.class H Source Code: servlets I Source Code: Microsoft Excel TG Segmentation Spreadsheet Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305 Contact: ksekula@usao.edu